DEEP DIVE ON
KANNA

An ancient plant. A modern renaissance.

WHAT IS KANNA?

Sceletium tortuosum

A succulent plant native to the Cape Provinces of South Africa. For millennia, the indigenous San and Khoikhoi peoples fermented and chewed this remarkable plant—they called it kougoed, meaning "chewable thing."[1,2]

An empathogen. A mood-elevator. A social lubricant.
100% sober. Zero hangover.

CENTURIES OF USE

Ancient

San & Khoikhoi Origins

For millennia, the San (Bushmen) and Khoikhoi peoples of South Africa chewed fermented kanna during long hunts, spiritual rituals, and social gatherings.[1]

1662

First Written Record

Dutch colonist Jan van Riebeeck documents kanna use, noting locals consumed it daily for mood elevation and to dispel fear.[2]

1685

Van der Stel's Expedition

Cape Governor Simon van der Stel records detailed observations of kanna preparation during his expedition inland.[3]

1773

Thunberg's Documentation

Swedish botanist Carl Thunberg records how the Khoikhoi fermented and prepared kanna, introducing it to the scientific world.[4]

1898

Alkaloid Discovery

Meiring conducts the first phytochemical study, identifying the presence of alkaloids in Sceletium tortuosum.[5]

2013

Modern Research

fMRI studies confirm kanna's effects on the amygdala, validating centuries of traditional use with modern neuroscience.[6]

Today

Global Renaissance

Kanna emerges as a natural alternative for mood enhancement and connection—no hangover required.

THE SCIENCE

How kanna works its magic

SRI

Serotonin Reuptake Inhibition

Kanna blocks the reabsorption of serotonin, leaving more of this 'feel-good' neurotransmitter available in your brain.[7]

→ More serotonin = elevated mood
PDE4i

PDE4 Inhibition

Inhibits phosphodiesterase-4, an enzyme linked to inflammation and cognitive function. This may enhance focus and reduce anxiety.[7,8]

→ Clearer thinking, calmer mind
VMAT2

VMAT-2 Upregulation

Promotes the release of monoamines (including serotonin and dopamine) from neurons, amplifying mood-lifting effects.[9]

→ Natural euphoria, heart-opening

The Alkaloid Family

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Mesembrine

The Star Player

The most abundant and active alkaloid. Potently inhibits serotonin reuptake (Ki 1.4 nM), keeping more feel-good serotonin available in your brain.[7]

+

Mesembrenone

The Dual Agent

Works double duty—both serotonin reuptake inhibition AND PDE4 inhibition. This combo may explain kanna's unique anxiolytic effects.[7,8]

+

Mesembrenol

The Supporter

A mesembrine alcohol that contributes to the entourage effect, working synergistically with other alkaloids.[10]

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Mesembranol

The Balancer

Helps modulate the overall alkaloid profile, contributing to kanna's gentle, balanced effects.[5]

THE BENEFITS

Mood Elevation

Promotes feelings of well-being and euphoria

🤝

Connection

Enhances social bonding and empathy

🧘

Stress Relief

Reduces cortisol and calms the nervous system

🍷

Alcohol Alt

Social lubrication without the hangover

🧠

Cognitive Clarity

Supports focus and mental flexibility

💚

100% Legal

Completely legal across the United States

THE PRIMING EFFECT

Unlike many substances, kanna has a reverse tolerance. The more you take it, the more sensitive you become to its effects. Many people find they need to "prime" their system over 3-5 days before the magic really clicks.[5]

Start gentle. Build the relationship.
That's when the heart opens.

SOURCES & RESEARCH

[1]
A Chewable Cure "Kanna": Biological and Pharmaceutical Properties of Sceletium tortuosum
Molecules, 2021 — PMC
Read on PubMed Central →
[2]
Mesembryanthemum tortuosum (Sceletium tortuosum) — Traditional use and history
Wikipedia / Multiple historical sources
Read on Wikipedia →
[3]
Sceletium for Managing Anxiety, Depression and Cognitive Impairment: A Traditional Herbal Medicine in Modern-Day Regulatory Systems
Pharmaceuticals, 2022 — PMC
Read on PubMed Central →
[4]
Sceletium tortuosum: A review on its phytochemistry, pharmacokinetics, biological and clinical activities
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2021
Read on ScienceDirect →
[5]
Gericke N., Viljoen A.M. Sceletium—A review update
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2008
Read on PubMed →
[6]
Acute Effects of Sceletium tortuosum (Zembrin), a Dual 5-HT Reuptake and PDE4 Inhibitor, in the Human Amygdala and its Connection to the Hypothalamus
Neuropsychopharmacology, 2013 — Nature
Read on Nature →
[7]
Pharmacological actions of the South African medicinal and functional food plant Sceletium tortuosum and its principal alkaloids
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2011
Read on PubMed →
[8]
Effects of Sceletium tortuosum in rats
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2014
Read on ScienceDirect →
[9]
Differential impact of extracts from distinct Sceletium tortuosum chemotypes on central neurotransmitter concentrations
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2025
Read on PubMed →
[10]
Krstenansky J.L. Mesembrine alkaloids: Review of their occurrence, chemistry, and pharmacology
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2017
Read on PubMed →

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